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''Liberty'' (US-40) was an American racing yacht in the 12-metre class that unsuccessfully defended the 1983 America's Cup. ''Liberty'' was selected before ''Defender'' and ''Courageous'' as the 1983 America's Cup defender.〔http://web.archive.org/web/20130103075233/http://www.ali6.com/coppa_america1983.htm〕 She lost to ''Australia II'' by 3–4 in the America's Cup. 〔http://web.archive.org/web/20130103075233/http://www.ali6.com/coppa_america1983.htm〕 == Background== Following the 1980 America's Cup where '' Freedom'' defeated Australia (KA-5), the Freedom ’83 Defence Syndicate, whose fundraising was run through the Maritime College at the Fort Schuyler Foundation, made the decision to commission two new 12 metre yachts for the 1983 defence. Dennis Conner asked the designers to take risks so that the new boat would not simply be a refined version of ''Freedom'', rather a new design that broke through her.〔Rousmaniere, John (1983). The America's Cup 1851 – 1983. London: Pelham Books. p. 144. ISBN 0-7207-1503-2〕 The first boat, ''Spirit of America'' (US-34), was designed by Bill Langan from Sparkman & Stephens. The boat had a high-freeboard and a ‘fullness’ to the hull which made her appear heavy. Langan, however, described it as a ‘large, light twelve’.〔Rousmaniere, John (1983). The America's Cup 1851 – 1983. London: Pelham Books. p. 146. ISBN 0-7207-1503-2〕 The second boat, (black) ''Magic'' (US-38), was designed by Johan Valentijn. Valentijn sought to build a small, light displacement 12 metre and ''Magic'' was several feet shorter than ''Spirit of America'' and displaced a mere 45,000 pounds (20.4 metric tonnes) – about three-quarters of most contemporary 12 metres. Both ''Spirit of America'' and ''Magic'' were commissioned at Fort Schuyler, New York, on 17 April 1982.〔Rousmaniere, John (1983). The America's Cup 1851 – 1983. London: Pelham Books. p. 146. ISBN 0-7207-1503-2〕 Both boats, however, were failures. Despite the best efforts of the designers with input from computers, wind tunnels and test tanks, ''Freedom'' dominated its new stablemates: ''Magic'' was uncompetitive in strong wind and ''Spirit of America'' needed major modifications if were to become competitive. On 8 September 1982, Dennis Conner announced that ''Magic'' would be sold and that the proceeds would be used to design a third boat for the Freedom ’83 syndicate.〔Rousmaniere, John (1983). The America's Cup 1851 – 1983. London: Pelham Books. p.146-7. ISBN 0-7207-1503-2〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Liberty (yacht)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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